Floral development in Impatiens chishuiensis (Balsaminaceae): formation of two well-developed anterolateral sepals and four carpels

Impatiens is a highly diversified genus with remarkable zygomorphic flowers. Floral ontogeny of three species of Impatiens has recently been studied, which suggested that, during the course of evolution, the anterolateral sepals become reduced and that these rudimentary sepals fuse postgenitally or congenitally with the anterior petal. All three belong to the majority type with five carpels and no mature anterolateral sepals. However, a few species of Impatiens have four carpels and two well-developed mature anterolateral sepals, and their floral development has never been examined. From a comparative-ontogenetic viewpoint, we explore the mechanism of formation of well-developed anterolateral sepals and four carpels in I. chishuiensis with five sepals and four carpels. The results show that, if anterolateral sepals are present, their early development statuses will likely influence whether or not the sepals can fully develop later, and that the initiation and development of five stamens have an effect on the shapes of floral apexes, eventually resulting in congenital fusion of two adaxial carpels. Furthermore, we discuss the systematic and evolutional value of floral early development data.     

卒中后抑郁大鼠多导睡眠图研究

目的:探讨卒中后抑郁(PSD)大鼠多导睡眠图的检测方法和变化特征。方法:雄性SD(Sprague Dawley)大鼠随机分为3组:对照组、卒中组、PSD组,通过结扎双侧颈总动脉结合孤养法、慢性不可预知应激刺激,建立PSD模型,同时将电极缝制在大鼠头皮下进行多导睡眠图监测。结果:多导睡眠图可清晰地记录大鼠活动、脑电、肌电、眼动等情况;PSD组大鼠快眼动睡眠潜伏期(REM latency,RL)为(108.2±16.1)s,较对照组(152.5±20.5)s和卒中组(145.1±18.7)s缩短,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);PSD组大鼠快眼动睡眠时间百分比(5.2%±1.2%),较对照组(8.3%±1.4%)和卒中组(7.9%±1.6%)降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:头皮下缝制电极法适合大鼠多导睡眠图监测应用;多导睡眠图可以做为PSD模型的一个检测指标。     

Partial molar volumes of some α-amino acids in aqueous sodium acetate solutions at 308.15 K

The apparent molar volumes V_2,φ have been determined for glycine, -α-alanine, -α-amino-n-butyric acid, -valine and -leucine in aqueous solutions of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol kg⁻¹ sodium acetate by density measurements at 308.15 K. These data have been used to derive the infinite dilution apparent molar volumes V⁰_2,φ for the amino acids in aqueous sodium acetate solutions and the standard volumes of transfer, Δ_tV⁰, of the amino acids from water to aqueous sodium acetate solutions. It has been observed that both V⁰_2,φ and Δ_tV⁰ vary linearly with increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of the amino acids. These linear correlations have been utilized to estimate the contributions of the charged end groups (NH₃⁺,COO⁻), CH₂ group and other alkyl chains of the amino acids to V⁰_2,φ and Δ_tV⁰. The results show that V⁰_2,φ values for (NH₃⁺,COO⁻) groups increase with sodium acetate concentration, and those for CH₂ are almost constant over the studied sodium acetate concentration range. The transfer volume increases and the hydration number of the amino acids decreases with increasing electrolyte concentrations. These facts indicate that strong interactions occur between the ions of sodium acetate and the charged centers of the amino acids. The volumetric interaction parameters of the amino acids with sodium acetate were calculated in water. The pair interaction parameters are found to be positive and decreased with increasing alkyl chain length of the amino acids, suggesting that sodium acetate has a stronger dehydration effect on amino acids which have longer hydrophobic alkyl chains. These phenomena are discussed by means of the cosphere overlap model.     

Interfacial molecular recognition between polysaccharides and calcium carbonate during crystallization

Based on the basic principles of biomineralization, using beta-cyclodextrin, hepatin and soluble starch as organic matrices, employing the biomimetic method, the crystallization of CaCO(3) was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), thermal gravity-differential thermal analysis and conductivity analysis. The results show that polysaccharides have an effect on the crystallization of CaCO(3). CaCO(3) crystals also have an effect on polysaccharides. The possible mechanism of this interaction is discussed.     

富营养湖泊大型围隔(栏)内的浮游植物研究

对建在武汉东湖大型围隔、围栏内的浮游植物进行了１８个月的研究,结果表明：围隔（栏）和对照区的浮游植物共有７门８９属,全年均以绿藻、蓝藻和硅藻种类最多,围隔中的绿藻种类多于围栏和对照区,其它门类在各群落间无明显差别,浮游植物的种类依秋、夏、春、冬的次序减少,各季节均以绿藻种类最多,其次为蓝藻和硅藻。藻类密度则以春、夏、冬、秋的次序递减,隐藻、绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻的数量之和约占总数的９５％以上。各区中浮游     

大鼠肝大部分切除前热休克对热休克蛋白和磷酸酶的影响

The contribution and content of the continuous heat shock protein 70/induced heat shock protein 68 (HSC70/HSP68), the contribution, variety and activity of acid phosphatases (ACP) and alkaline phosphatases (AKP) had been analysed qualitatively and quantitatively during the liver regeneration after 2/3 hepatectomy (PH) and HS (heat shock at 46 degrees C for 30 min, recovery for 8 h), which were compared with the results only by HS and only by PH. It was shown that the three kinds of treatment all can increase the activity of ACP, AKP and the expression of HSC70/HSP68, but with different change pattern. A further analysis show that after HS-PH the enhanced activity of ACP is related with that of 140 kD phosphatases, the enhanced activity of AKP is associated with that of 140 kD and 160-180 kD phosphatases. It can be reckoned from the results that ACP, AKP and HSC70/HSP68 all act on the heat shock response of hepatocyte and liver regeneration, and may take part in signal transduction in these processes, but ACP may play a dominant role in the start of hepatocyte multiplication, AKP and HSC70/HSP68 may play a dominant role in cytokineses.     

不同类型保水剂对冬小麦水分利用效率和根系形态的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究5种不同类型保水剂及2个施用水平对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率、根形态的影响.结果表明: 冬小麦茎蘖数、旗叶面积、产量和水分利用效率在不同类型保水剂及施用量处理之间存在显著差异.与对照相比,5种保水剂处理冬小麦产量增加1.3%～7.9%,水分利用效率由对照的17.1 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1提高到18.0～20.7 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1.保水剂对冬小麦根系的平均直径、总根长和总表面积的影响均达到显著水平,在0～20和20～40 cm土层,总根长分别增加3.7%～19.1%和6.3%～27.3%,总表面积分别增加6.5%～21.7%和2.9%～18.5%.冬小麦根系形态特征与冬小麦产量和水分利用效率均呈显著正相关.丙烯酰胺/无机矿物复合型保水剂对提高冬小麦水分利用效率和促进根系生长效果最为明显.     

基于恒水位蒸发皿蒸发量的膜下滴灌棉花灌溉指标

为探索新疆膜下滴灌棉花简易方便的高效灌溉指标,于2008-2009年在乌鲁木齐开展了2个生长季的人工控水试验.在棉花蕾期和花铃期均设2个灌水周期和2个灌水水平,分析了不同水分处理对棉花产量、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明: 各处理的棉花耗水过程与蒸发皿蒸发量具有较高的相关性,高产棉田\[2008年处理T₄(蕾期和花铃期灌水周期分别为10和7 d,相应灌水定额分别为30.0和37.5 mm)和2009年处理T₁(蕾期和花铃期灌水周期均为7 d,相应灌水定额分别为22.5和37.5 mm)\]苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期的蒸发皿-作物系数(K_p)分别为0.29～0.30、0.52～0.53、0.74～0.88和0.19～0.20;2008年处理T₄的产量(5060 kg·hm^-2)和水分利用效率(1.00 kg·m^-3)最高,2009年处理T₁的产量(4467 kg·hm^-2)和水分利用效率(0.99 kg·m^-3)最高;蕾期蒸发皿7和10 d的平均累积蒸发量分别为40～50和60～70 mm,花铃期蒸发皿7 d的累积蒸发量为40～50 mm.在新疆棉区灌45 mm出苗水、苗期和吐絮期不灌水,蕾期和花铃期当蒸发皿蒸发量达到45～65和45 mm时开始灌溉,灌水定额通过阶段累积蒸发量与蒸发皿-作物系数K_p(蕾期、初花期、盛花期和末花期分别取0.5、0.75、0.85和0.75)相乘确定时,在获得高产的同时可节约灌溉水资源,提高水分利用效率,可以作为当地膜下滴灌棉田简易方便的高效灌溉指标.     

膜下滴灌水氮调控对南疆棉花产量及水氮利用率的影响

为探明水氮调控对膜下滴灌棉花的生长特性、产量构成因素以及水氮利用效率的影响,设置了3个灌溉水量和5个氮素水平进行大田棉花膜下滴灌试验.结果表明: 随着灌溉水量的增加,棉花的株高、主茎叶数、果枝数和叶面积指数显著增加,棉花叶、茎干物质积累增加,但抑制了根系生长,与低(4950 mm·hm^-2)和高(6750 mm·hm^-2)灌水量处理相比,中灌水量(5850 mm·hm^-2)处理平均单株有效铃数和单铃质量分别增加0.96、0.4个和0.22、0.11 g.与其他施氮处理相比,施氮量为300 kg·hm^-2时棉花茎直径显著增加,促进了棉花蕾、铃和根系的发育,而且在灌水量为5850 mm·hm^-2条件下,棉花干物质由营养器官向生殖器官的分配比灌水量为4950和6750 mm·hm^-2处理分别增加5.1%和29.6%.灌溉水量对棉花产量有显著影响,对衣分率影响不显著,而施氮量对棉花产量和衣分率都有一定的影响,但灌溉水量过低会抑制氮肥增产效应的发挥.在本试验条件下,灌水量为5850 mm·hm^-2、施氮量为300 kg·hm^-2时,棉花生长健壮,株型结构优化,显著促进了干物质向生殖器官的运转,有效铃数、单铃质量和衣分增加,产量达到最高(6992 kg·hm^-2),水分利用效率和氮肥利用率分别达1.45 kg·m^-3和45.9%.     

异育银鲫养殖环境典型病原微生物检测和细菌群落解析

【背景】水产养殖病害是限制淡水渔业发展的一个重要因素,养殖环境的微生物状况与鱼类健康紧密相关,已引起人们广泛关注。【目的】阐明养殖水体和沉积物中病原微生物丰度和细菌群落多样性变化特征。【方法】利用荧光定量PCR方法和末端限制性片段长度多态性(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)技术,对异育银鲫养殖环境水体和沉积物中的典型病原微生物进行定量检测,以及细菌群落多样性分析。【结果】养殖过程中病原菌丰度呈现不同的变化趋势,嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、温和气单胞菌(A. sobria)和维氏气单胞菌(A. veronii)与鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型丰度变化呈显著正相关。水体中病原菌丰度受pH、温度和溶解氧等环境因子的影响显著。T-RFLP分析表明沉积物样品较水体样品细菌群落组成复杂,并且沉积物细菌群落动态变化幅度高于水体。水体和沉积物中细菌T-RFs数量范围分别在11-29和20-32之间,Shannon-wiener指数在1.44-2.87和2.44-3.25之间。【结论】养殖水体中的病原菌丰度高于沉积物,而沉积物细菌群落丰富度和多样性高于水体。病原菌丰度和细菌群落结构变化与环境因子密切相关,明确养殖池塘环境中病原微生物的生态分布和丰度变化,将为指导养殖过程中病原性疾病发生早期预警提供理论依据。